SungReMun

reorganizing

what i want to do...

site: still city hall...

the need:
to expand more office space
to readdress the historical/political dispute over Japanese imperialist architecture
to create a landmark for seoul

conditions to address:
an established place of assembly (eg. Hi Seoul Festival)

design motif:
전통 건축물

걸 건축가의 작품답게 건물 전체 면적의 30% 이상을 다목적홀이나 스카이라운지 등 시민문화공간으로 배치한 점이 눈길을 끕니다.

디자인 열쇳말은, '시민, 전통, 미래'라고 합니다

Citizen, Tradition, Future

높게만 뻗어나간 수직적 건물보단 우리 전통건축 양식의 저층의 수평적 비례요소와 처마지붕의 깊은 음영 및 곡선미를 현대적 신청사에 재해석해 내는 지혜를 발휘, 옛것에 대한 친근감이 돋보이게 했다"고 선정 이유로 밝혔습니다.

또한 건물 앞 광장에서 본관, 그러니까 현 석조 시청건물을 지나서 신청사로 진입로가 이어지는 '순차적 진입방식'은 전통적인 이동기법을 현대화한 것이라고 설명했습니다.

again returning to korean architecture:

전체적으로 중국 건축이 장대하고 웅장한 멋을 내고 일본의 건축이 기계적이고 날카로운 맛을 낸다면 한국의 건축은 중용의 입장에서 단아하면서도 소박한 맛을 낸다”고 설명한다.

이는 각 나라의 지리적 환경에 따른 영향이 크다. 중국은 광활한 대륙에 기반을 둔 건축이었고 일본은 섬나라의 환경을 가지며 한국은 중간자적 입장에 있기 때문이다.

산과 구릉이 많은 자연환경은 한국 건축에 ‘곡선의 미’를 부여했다. 곡선과 직선이 이루는 선적 아름다움도 삼국 중 우리 목조건축만이 갖는 특징이다.

주 남철 명예교수는 “한국 목조건축은 선적인 구성을 하고 있다. 기단이 형성하는 수평선과 기둥이 형성하는 수직선, 다시 지붕의 유연한 처마선과 용마루선, 창호의 살 짜임새가 이루는 선이 목재의 나뭇결과 조화를 이룸으로써 통일성을 갖는다”고 평가했다.

이 에 반해 중국의 기둥은 대부분 목재면을 마포직으로 싸고 그 위에 회반죽을 바름으로써 우리 목조기둥이 갖는 맛을 표현하지 못한다. 중국과 일본의 경우 창호지를 창호 밖으로 바르기 때문에 입면 상으로 면적인 구성을 함으로써 한국 목조건축의 창호 짜임새인 선적인 구성과도 차이를 보인다.

이전제 서울대 환경재료과학과 교수는 “한국 목조건물은 일본의 창문에 비해 창살의 모양과 짜임새가 더 중후하면서 쾌적한 멋을 갖고 있다”고 말했다.

한국의 목조건물은 특히 건축의 생명이라 할 수 있는 조형미가 뛰어나다.

중국이나 일본에 비해 우리나라에 고층 목조건물이 없는 이유는 선조들의 건축기술 수준이 떨어졌기 때문이 아니라 하늘과 땅 등 자연의 기운과 흐름에 입각한 음양오행설을 중시한 결과다.

이 전제 서울대 교수는 “음양오행설에 따르면 산은 양(양)이고 평지나 낮은 지대는 음(음)”이라며 “양이 강한 지세에 고층건물 즉 양의 건물을 건립하면 두 양이 서로 상극을 일으켜 지력이 쇠약해진다는 설에 따라 고층의 목조건물을 건축하지 않았다”고 설명했다.

우리 국토는 산이 많고 평지가 적으므로 양과 양이 부딪히는 고층건물을 피한 것이 당연하다는 것이다. 음양오행설은 목조건물 뿐만 아니라 건축입지 선정이나 건물 자체의 규모에도 반영됐다.

한국 전통 건축 양식?

notes for myself

철거당하는 서울시청, 혹은 경성부청



8월 26일 서울시청이 전격적으로 현재 청사 일부를 철거하기 시작하였다. 신청사를 지으려 하는데 문화재청이 국가문화재인 사적지로 등록을 예고하자, 사적 고지에 앞서 전격적으로 철거를 실시한 것이다. 1926년 식민시기 경성부청으로 건립되었으며 광복 후에는 서울시청으로 쓰였는데, 조선총독부 중앙청이 사라진 현재로서는 식민시대 일제의 통치를 증언해주는 몇 안되는 대형 건축물 가운데 하나였다. 하지만 현 시청의 사무공간 부족 등을 이유로 서울시는 신청사 건축을 추진하게 되었는데, 서울시에서는 본관 중앙의 태평홀을 철거하고 신관을 완공한 뒤 다시 복원하겠다는 입장을 취하고, 문화재청은 원형 훼손을 우려해 그대로 유지할 것을 요구하며 대립해오던 상황이었다. 그러나 서울시 측에서 24일 철거를 공시한 뒤 26일 전격적으로 철거를 시작하자, 문화재청이 26일 뒤늦게 서울시청 건물을 사적으로 가지정하며 현재 철거는 중단된 상황이다. 하지만 이미 태평홀은 90% 이상 철거되어 원형 복원이 불가능한 상황. 또 다시 근대문화유산 하나를 잃어버리게 되었다.
문제는 이렇게 사라져간 근대문화유산이 한두가지가 아니라는 것이다. 지난 수 년간 근대문화유산으로 지정하려던 많은 건축물들이 일제시대에 지어졌다는 이유로, 그리고 문화재가 되면 재산권 행사에 어려움이 생긴다는 이유로 소유주에 의해 강제 철거당하여 역사 저편의 먼지로 사라지고 말았다.


more historical notes
구 국립중앙박물관..과거 중앙청 건물은 일본의 日을, 서울시청은 本을 나타낸다고 한다.

그래서, 국립 중앙박물관은 철거하고 옮겨지었다.

내 의견은 단 하나다.

아픈 역사도 우리 역사이며, 감추고 숨기고 피하려만 하지 말고 후세에 본보기가 되게 하여
철거를 굳이 강행하는 것보다 더 좋은 방법도 많아보인다.역사는 책에만 있지 않고
우리 삶속에 살아 시대를 증언한다
그것은 치욕의 역사이기도
영광의 역사이기도 하다
건축사적으로 바라봐도
동양적으로 재해석된 르네상스 건축
문화적 존재만으로 가치는 차고 넘친다유대인 대학살의 장소 아우슈비츠는 지금도 그들의 자손에게 생생한 그들의 비통한 역사를 증거하고 있다. 일본 히로시마의 원폭 잔해들은 지금 어떻게 보존되고 있는가? 그리고 미국의 자존심을 일시에 무너뜨린 9·11 참사의 흔적은 어떠한가?

근대건축은 일제 침탈의 방편으로 축조된 치욕적 역사가 스며 있어서 반감의 대상이 되지만, 서구문물이 유입되면서 진화된 하나의 건축표본이기도 하다. 서울시청사는 동양에서 흡수한 르네상스 건축의 변형모델이다. 건축 형태는 지리·환경적 차이 따라 똑같은 양식이라 할지라도 다른 형태로 진화한다. 서울시청은 동양적 관점으로 재해석된 독특한 양식의 르네상스 건축이다. 이런 관점에서 본다면 그냥 부숴 버리기에는 너무도 아까운 존재다. 모든 문화적 존재는 역사적 의미를 떠나서 그 존재 가치만으로 인정받아야 한다. 치욕의 역사는 벌써 많은 시간이 흘렀다. 세대와 세상이 변했다. 그러한 침탈과 수치의 현장을 신세대적 발상에 의한 예술적 활동으로도 얼마든지 건물이 담은 의미를 반박할 수 있다.

일제의 '쇠말뚝 풍수침략'은 고도의 심리전이었다



충남 천안군 독립기념관 제3전시실에 전시중이던 일제의 풍수침략 쇠말뚝이 흔적도 없이 사라져버렸다. 어떤 지식인들은 일제의 쇠말뚝을 풍수침략으로 보는 건 자기 비하요 근거없는 낭설에 불과하다고 비난한다. 과연 그런가. 전국에 산재한 쇠말뚝 현장을 취재해 보았더니….

“말할 수 없는 것에 대해서는 침묵을 지켜야 한다”고

continuing....

rambling...

a skyline. It isn’t like the height-obsessed skyline of Shanghai, or the tight, congested skyline of Hong Kong. sprinkled towers?

Beijing~ruthlessly unsentimental today as it was in Mao’s time, with little patience for history if it gets in the way of development, and yet the city doesn’t feel as if it were defined solely by growth, like Shanghai, or like the kind of entirely manufactured environment that you see in Dubai
completely override its own history and yet not surrender its identity?

like-
thad j thesis- hermit-socialite-spa-the extreme. the polite
challenge currently established-despite well working- hotel design -problem: integrate 3 different elements- all separate
hermit: do they even need units? why integral layout? bathroom?
toyo ito mesh column structure work well?

face of city what

unique historical character and identity of many European cities are increasingly threatened by the pressures of standardization (eg. standard design of buildings and urban spaces, building materials)
7 other medium-sized cities in Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands and the UK, is to enhance their attractiveness by building and improving their image and identity

pilot investments will be made around different types of public spaces to give them more identity using innovative design techniques such as light and sound systems. Another facet of city identity concerns its legibility & accessibility both to outside visitors and its residents.

Innovative city information systems and new signage will be tested in various pilot locations.

The world goes city: The "Urban Millenium" is beginning

The information society is one of the drivers behind urban change. Globalization is another driver because cities and regions are nowadays competing on human resources, investments and image on a global basis.
social polarization and spatial fragmentation.

At the same time global competitiveness has to be safeguarded as well as social inclusion has to be stimulated. In times of globalisation, growing personal mobility and a media driven society, city marketing has gained a lot of attention as an instrument to compete with other cities and regions. City image and urban identity have become key issues of mayors, city managers and urban planners. It has become essential to emotionally bind local residents and businesses to a city (civic pride), and to attract outside interest and invest in the city. Tools used to market the city to citizens and abroad are branding, websites, sporting and cultural events and institutions, landmark buildings and projects, architecture and public space.

dotcity

Seoul
mid-1997. with the financial crisis looming, Seoul was a very workman-like city, its residents seemingly always in a hurry and not a lot of attention given to livability.

all changed in the years following the financial crisis

Gone was the miasma of traffic lanes snaking around the City Hall and Plaza Hotel, replaced by a spacious patch of green grass now for concerts (and sometimes mass demonstrations – a feature of Seoul life that hasn't changed at all).

*Also gone was the unsightly expressway that used to cover the Cheonggyecheon stream, leading into the city. In its place, the original stream had been opened up to public view for the first time in decades, and a pedestrian thoroughfare built next to it to allow citizens to enjoy this little piece of nature in one of Asia's biggest cities.

Dedicated lanes for buses also make huge difference to traffic flows,

number of great coffee shops and restaurants excellent bars and restaurants bookshops
Seoul is as crowded and as noisy as ever But that's always been part of its charm. I'd be sad to see pavement protests by fist-pumping demonstrators go by the wayside. enjoy the rush and bustle of the streets,




Hi-Seoul Festival
using seoul plaza as venue for various activities

eg. seoul plaza will be transformed into what organizers are calling the world's biggest nightclub

for eight consecutive nights, the area in front of city hall will become an outdoor dance venue. a main performance stage, called the "digital palace" will be complemented by an 18 meter-high, 60 meter-wide ceiling of colored lights. additionally, korea's largest "water curtain" (10 x 60 meters) will act as a media show screen during the evening concerts. koreans' penchant for public consumption of alcohol makes me hopeful.

choose your poison:

may 4 (sunday): opening festival dance to include a sarangpae team, a children's chorus, namsadang nori (tightrope walking) and b-boy groups along with your favorite singer and mine, the black/korean chanteuse insooni.
monday: hip hop
tuesday: dance party
wednesdsay: swing and jazz
thursday: trot medley (?)
friday: latin
saturday: rock
sunday: special closing featuring seoul chamber orchestra

so,



meet me @ City Hall.............





more organized & new attempt @ Thesis

Seoul, against other fast-developing metropolises in Asia, is currently at fierce competition to raise an iconic structure to represent the city globally. The majority of these cases attempt to resolve this issue by creating a sculptural object of powerful aura, but this method remains effective only if there is suitable urban context to support and justify the addition. The specificity of Seoul near the City Hall causes discrepancy with this iconic approach, due to the complexity and the fast, compressed developmental nature (which becomes a common trait among contemporary Asian urban conditions) a new translation to provided service for this hyper-occupied versatile space is in demand.

= > City Hall Extension

site parameter

City Hall
Project Name: Seoul City Hall Extension Design
Location: Taepyeong-Ro, 1-31, Junggo, Seoul
Zoning: Commercial District, Central Aesthetic Zone, Fire Prevention zone
Site area: 12,709.4 ㎡

content
‘unification strategy’ -avoiding monumentality ?
provide interesting vistas in a rather regular urban context

synthesize the past and the present
define what is “public” in a completely new way.

Create a continuity with Seoul’s six hundred year old history while co-existing harmoniously with the larger future of the 21st century and beyond; to help create an identity that the diverse 10 million-plus citizens of Seoul can share.

Seoulites
bigger site context

connect to Seoul Plaza+Sejongro with its significant public spaces
eg. Gyeongbok Palace, Duksoo Palace, and the Sejong Center

maintaining harmony with surrounding office towers of similar scale
+ respect to the iconic old City Hall structure and drawing from the diverse urban context the site’s full potential

program
luxury condo, symphony hall, office space, commercial and a central public courtyard
Innovative city information systems library

approach
Strategic advantage for location and competition -
Intuitive usage
yellow page terms like weather, traffic, taxi could become more intuitively accessible and usable
Innovative e-governement
communication infrastructure
ease the interaction of the city government, administration and institutions with residents, organizations and businesses
cultural hotspot of the city

advisor- shun kanda
reader- dan chen

reading
DYNAMIC DIGITAL REPRESENTATIONS IN ARCHITECTURE: VISIONS IN MOTION.
DIGITAL MATERIALITY IN ARCHITECTURE.
Spaces speak, are you listening? : experiencing aural architecture / Barry Blesser and Linda-Ruth Salter.
Digitalia : architecture and the digital, the environmental and the avant-garde / Susannah Hagan.
The media city : media, architecture and urban space / Scott McQuire.Spaces speak, are you listening? : experiencing aural architecture / Barry Blesser and Linda-Ruth Salter.
Reflect: Building in the Digital Media City Seoul, Korea
Harold Abelson, Blowon to Bits: your life, liverty and
Mel Alexenberg, Educating artists for the future: learning at the intersections of art, science, technology, and culture
Michael Danziger,Information visulatization for the people

thesis
Justin Shea


contacts

mass studies
wonmi choi

rethinking thesis topic

because i never really had the chance to consider other topics that interested me, here are words of things that i find int eresting:

architecture and senses

virtual communication

graphic

video jockey-visual

mass

performance

music

rock festival trend

visual and audio? - amazing synergy

eg. live music artist - video

chemical brothers

http://blog.naver.com/madridmania?Redirect=Log&logNo=10020396015&vid=0

http://video.naver.com/2007082619350040268

http://video.naver.com/2007082619484983821

http://blog.naver.com/globe1003?Redirect=Log&logNo=110020649952&vid=0

like
http://www.cityofsound.com/blog/2006/07/future_city_exp.html
dawood-
victory city

inspirational

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJj8ScNYo-q61hiOVipf-922n9cFnD2tQYv3bSKrbXofFZdjRX2LxQ7VrSmK4NVntA9vfXoyYKEKqJTh_ygP0mK3hVOOFAZqs2Mks159MEUEcOmhCThpV73W9kfItIJuVCE45JLsMt3b2O/s320/floreasca-foa.bmp&imgrefurl=http://architectwizard.blogspot.com/2007/06/architecture-future-original-amazing.html&h=320&w=318&sz=20&hl=en&start=13&um=1&usg=__AiY0wD_2DKJQ7bwECf4cjZqj7KI=&tbnid=oGf32TQYZgIEpM:&tbnh=118&tbnw=117&prev=/images%3Fq%3Darchitecture%2Bfuture%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:*:IE-SearchBox%26rlz%3D1I7GGLR



Well Le Corbusier, probably the most influential figure in 20th century architecture, once declared 'I exist in life only on the condition that I see', and he also said that 'Everything is individual'. But listening to Rebecca Maxwell there, one is reminded of how much more architecture can offer the senses, the other senses. So who are we to blame for this obsession with appearance?
But today in particular, we have a wonderful outpouring of knowledge of architecture through the visual media, the print media in particular, and although this is a fantastic thing for architecture, it does have some side effects. And two of the most unfortunate side effects are to do with this concentration on the visual, without the other senses, the first being that you can't, when you open a magazine, smell the building, you can't sense the volume of the space, you can't feel the air moving through it, or the warmth of the sunlight. It's impossible to convey that through photographs only. And this leads architects to concentrate more on the visual, because they know that more and more their clients understand their buildings through media representations of them, rather than visiting them. This also leads to another unfortunate consequence, where more and more often, buildings are discussed through the criticis' understanding simply of their representation. The media is so competitive that the first magazine to publish a building often sells more. So if you can discuss the building before its completion, then you're first involved, so to speak.
Let's turn now to some of the senses that architecture could be doing more to stimulate. Hearing seems an obvious one to begin with, because architects do take acoustics into consideration, even though eating in some restaurants these days we might find that hard to believe.

Peter-John Cantrill:

Well you may find it hard to believe, but the restaurant owners quite often brief architects to make the sound of a restaurant quite lively, because the din is quite attractive to many diners, it's a happening place if there's a lot of sound. Also for others if there's a lot of sound you may not dwell in the restaurant after you've finished your meal and their turnover is increased. So you may not feel they're taking that into account, but most definitely they probably are.

They do. In fact in the late baroque period in particular, and particularly in Germany and Austria, places like that, one judgment of a good architect was that you could walk into the church and just inside the entry, if you stamped your foot or clapped your hand, the whole room would resound like a beautiful bell. … The buildings were judged by their sound, not just their visual experience.

Finnish architecture theorist, Juhani Pallasmaa, on the show, arguing that to be truly meaningful, architecture should awaken all the senses. And when I said to him that it wasn't immediately clear that there was any connection between architecture and the sense of taste, he begged to differ, and this is what he said:

"Architect: To me, it is, I have experience on a number of occasions that certain qualities of stone, for instance, certain metals, detailing of wood, can be so subtle that you feel it in your mouth, and I'm myself, in my own work, conscious of that possibility. I don't think it is an essential quality of architecture, but I have made the observation that architecture can be subtle enough to even evoke a sensation of taste. Maybe 20 years ago in California was just about to enter a grey, rough stone building by the Green Brothers and when I opened the door, I saw the shining white marble threshhold, and that whiteness of marble juxtaposed with the rough stone almost made me automatically kneel and taste the surface with my tongue."

http://www.ebility.com/articles/beyondappearances.php


lthough considered to be one of the "visual" arts, the built environment inevitably engages all of the human senses. Challenging our traditional "ocularcentric" understanding of architecture, this seminar will explore the overlapping relationship between sight, sound and touch. We will treat this subject from an socio-historical perspective, examining how prevailing cultural assumptions about the senses shape and in turn are shaped by the design of the built environment.
transformed the human sensorium
ow can architects harness new materials and technologies to craft new ways of synthesizing multi-sensory experiences in space?

The Eyes of the Skin: Architecture and the Senses
dual examination and indictment of the estrangement of the senses in modern architecture
ocularcentrism
Today, the commodification of architecture equates design with a series of duplicate two-dimensional images, evidencing Pallasmaa’s concept that “architecture has adopted the psychological strategy of advertising and instant persuasion; buildings have turned into image products.”
visual decimation of architecture, exploring the experience of space, as conveyed through other senses to the body. Sound is used as an unconscious indicator of spatial volume. Smell has a strong associative quality with place. Taste can relate to sensations of material texture and weight. Touch, the only non-passive sense, divulges an unconscious sense of doing, revealing why traditional architectural metrics were derived from actual dimensions of the body.
oth the body and psyche are projected into architectural space, exploring how contextual design can ground both. He also writes in praise of shadow—a concept he thinks is often neglected in modern western spaces but one that ultimately enriches the experience of place, as deciphered by all five senses. His discussion of the “narcissistic eye” not only relates to the urban landscape of self-absorbed stand-alone buildings, but indirectly indicates the rise of the “starchitect” as progenitor of the iconic image.



thermal delight

Pictures of Parts of Site + House

approach

entrance




outdoor space between the entrance and the rooms - secondary courtyard


interior

courtyard

Draft Thesis Statement

1. What are you going to do?

I am going to renovate the interior and partial exterior of a Korean traditional home in Seoul, Korea.
I want to study the different spatial elements of Korean architecture and explore how to integrate these features with western architecture to create a convenient space that can accommodate to a modern lifestyle.

2. Why are you doing it? What questions are you trying to answer?

I feel like all the big architects who are doing "big work" internationally all have this similar style of futuristic, blob, edgy amorphous architecture that wows people at first, but seeing it repetitively makes me crave to return to just simple beautiful architecture. Korea, a country with only 60 years of history of autonomy, the pace of industrialization has been faster than most currently established metropolis' around the world, and this unfortunate race for urbanization has lead governments to either put less emphasis on the preservation of the old or demolish most historical establishments. This quick pace of development is also often referred to as the 'miracle of the Han River.' Star-chitects are commissioned to do most of the public works in Seoul and for studying architects like I, there is really no established Korean architect to look up to. (digression) Anyways as Seoul keeps striving to compete with other cities, it seems to forget that urbanization doesn't necessarily mean the destruction of the old and construction of the brand new, there has to be a harmonious way of growing the city with its past and the future.

There is a slow movement of bringing back Korean architecture to this city. I will only be renovating a small house, but this study will be a window that can lead me to bigger ideas of how this city should be develeop in order to maintain a healthy balance between the past and future.

3. How are you going to do it? What methods.

The interior of the house will be almost completely renovated. The two places: kitchen and bathroom will need to be the most "westernized" due to convenience. The rest of the house will emphasize the combination of Korean and modern components of living.
The utilization of the ground and the intermediate space between indoors and outdoors will be importantly dealt with.

4. What are you going to learn about? Area of research and source of material?

First, I will study traditional Korean architecture as well as look into other Asian architecture to distinguish the most important elements that determine our traditional style.
Then I will look at couple renovation work done with traditional architecture. This could be examples not just limited to Asian architecture but of all culmination of old and new.
Afterwards, I will study the trend in the current architecture market, and choose a(n) element(s) that I am interested in exploring to apply to this project.

5. Why is it important?

This thesis is important to me because it will offer an opportunity for me to fill in the part of education that I feel is absent in my studies. Even though I might not want to further explore traditional architecture in the future, it is important to know the architecture that is relevant to my origin.

Existing Site Condition + House Drawing

mixed thoughts

seoul home to 10 million people, quarter of population lives here?
rapid industrialization under Park Jung-Hee president, tear down the old and build new towers
4 ancient doors still present, one burned down (no.1 national treasure)
zaha hadid tearing down old baseball stadium used for 88 seoul olympics (symbolic?), which houses the antique market
hasty to bring star-chitects to change over the city.
urban and civil planning key concept in designing seoul (14th century)- royal palaces, and 4 main gateways still remain in the middle of city centers

so many centers- no parallel city - the city never sleeps
ex) NYC- meat packing, chelsea, Korea town??
Boston- none ??
Tokyo- Shinjuku, Odaiba, Harajuku, Ginza
Seoul- 종로, 압구정동, 청담동, 명동, 신촌, 홍대, 동대문, 남대문, 강남역....etc
so many nodes of cultural activity

anyways
the places that Korean culture/architecture is being preserved:
가희동, 인사동?

the site is in 가희동, a small town near the North Mountain (북한산), north of the Han River
trend in residential houses to be built in a fusion of traditional style on the exterior, and contemporary interior
star-chitects with Asian architecture influence?- FLW?

What's difference between Chinese, Japanese, Korean architecture?
Chinese- grandest scale
Japanese- 아기자기
Korean- ? meep

History - Traditional Korean Architecture

harmony with nature
Introduction of the Chinese culture- basic system of wooden building frames
- Oriental conceptual thoughts: yin and yang, interpretation of the five elements (metal, wood, water, fire and earth), geomancy, Taoism and Confucianism, Buddhism,
-Unification of the Three Kingdoms (668)-Under the cultural influence of the Tang Dynasty of China - assimilate the influx of foreign culture with indigenous and innate aspirations.
-Koryo period, artistic expressions were characterized by "contemplative beauty," freed from man's limits imposed on form- internal mind and self control of Zen Buddhist thought.

Korean architecture practice now?
sensibility which has a distinct language, coupled with a sensitive reading of site and deconstruction of the urban.
design sensibility: Dutch in process, a little Swiss in lines and materiality (if these stereotypical categories hold true)